Monitoring underground mines using geotechnical instruments is crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of the mining operations. Geotechnical instruments are designed to measure various parameters related to the ground and rock mass behavior. Here are some commonly used geotechnical instruments for underground mine monitoring:
AUTO WARNING CONVERGENCE METER (Telltale)
Model SME 2480-S auto warning convergence meter (telltale) is very useful device to measure vertical deformation of roof in coal mine. It gives light flashing of two red color LED when deformation reaches its preset value of 5 mm or 10 mm.
ROTARY CONVERGENCE METER (Telltale)
Model SME 2480-R rotary convergence meter / telltale is used to measure vertical deformation of roof layer into circular motion. It is monitored with 3 color circular scale at one point.
TWO POINT EXTENSOMETER (TELLTALE)
Model SME 2480-II extensometer (telltale) is used to measure deformation in roof of coal mines at 2 different points. It is available with 2 reflective colored scale. It has water diverting hole in the body of reference head.
FOUR POINT EXTENSOMETER (TELLTALE)
Model SME 2480-IV Telltale extensometer is simple & general design to measure deformation in roof layer of coal mines at 4 different points, slurry and soft rock trenches.
MULTIPOINT BORE HOLE EXTTENSOMETER (GROUTABLE TYPE)
- Bore Hole Extensometer is a reliable instrument to measure rock movement in side a bore hole at deferent height / depth.
- Measurement of rock movement in tunnel walls, underground power house & under ground coal mines. Measurement of movement in embankment of Dam.
FOUR WAY ROOF EXTENSOMETER (ANCHOR SPRING TYPE WITH OUT GROUTING)
SME model 2400-M Four Way Roof Extensometer is a reliable instrument to measure the movement of reference point in a bore hole. It has basic application in:
- Measurement of rock movement in tunnel walls, underground power house, under ground coal mine.
- Measurement of conversions at crown in tunnels etc.
VIBRATING WIRE BASE SUPPORT LOAD CELL- To monitor load of roof bed through steel probe, hydraulic probe, in underground coalmines and underground excavation.
- To monitor load at rib support in tunnel.
- General compression load applications.
- To monitor load at crown of rib supports in tunnels.
VIBRATING WIRE ANCHOR BOLT LOAD CELLHollow load cells are very reliable for tension load measurement in:
- Rock bolts/ Anchor bolt in tunnel roof/ underground mine and wall.
- Load testing of piles, drilled shafts.
- Load in pre-stressing and other cables
- In supports of underground excavation as Hydro Tunnels, steel & wood posts.
HYDRAULIC LOAD CELL- Determination of load in rock bolts, foundations anchors, soil anchors.
- Determination of roof convergence in underground mines.
- Proof testing & long term performance monitoring of different kind anchor systems.
- Compressive load measurement between structural members.
VIBRATING WIRE TYPE BORE HOLE STRESS METER- Bore hole stress meters are very suitable instrument for measurement of stress change in side the precisely drilled holes.
- Stress measurement in rocks/ coals which changes during excavation of cavity at different depths.
INSTRUMENTED ROCK BOLTThe SME model 2510 Instrumented Rock Bolt is designed to measure loads in:-
- In grouted rock bolts.
- Tiebacks used to stabilize the ground around excavations.
- Tiebacks used in the support of retaining walls.
TAPE EXTENSOMETERTape Extensometer (digital or dial gage type) is a instrument to measure closure between two reference point. The basic applications:
- To measure deformation in structure and support in a cavity.
- To measure closure between opposite Walls or between roof & floor in excavation, tunnels, mine opening or in power houses.
- To measure movement in unstable slopes in rocks.
MICRO PROCESSOR BASED VIBRATING WIRE TYPE DIGITAL READ OUT UNIT INTRINSICALLY SAFETo measure the engineering unit data of load cell, stress meter, MPBX, RCI directly 2 in kg/cm , ton, mm, micro strain, degree etc.
REMOTE CONVERGENCE INDICATOR
Convergence meter Model SME 2540 is a device for measurement of convergence in mines between roof and floor of the cavity. Remotes type system with V.W. Sensor is generally used where access in not always possible or some secondary measurement like data acquisition system to be installed for continuous recording for convergence measurements.
TELESCOPIC CONVERGENCE ROD
Telescopic convergence indicator Model SME 2590 is a mechanical device for measurement of convergence in between roof & floor in mines and underground cavities at different location. For different location measurement the anchors to be grouted at different locations.
